Active Directory Health Monitoring

Companies that have implemented Microsoft’s Active Directory need to ensure that the Active Directory is configured and operating properly. If there are issues found and not resolved, it eventually leads the components to fail or stop working and finally causing problems with Windows networking environment. This post highlights some of the FREE tools that can be used by administrators to check and verify their Active Directory health. I normally run these tests every quarter in highly changing environments since lot of updates take place.

The free tools that I mention come with Microsoft’s Support Tool Kit and while writing this post I’ve ran the tools on Windows 2003 R2 Server. Download the Support Tool Kit. Once downloaded, install the Support Tools on the server.

Now before we move on to the health monitoring tools, it is always a good idea to make a list of all the Domain Controllers in your organization along with their IP address and trust relationships if any. Assuming that you have completed this step, let’s move on to using the tools.

Since many of these tests generate logs, let’s start by creating a log folder to store the diagnostic information. I’m going to use C:\AD-Health-Logs on my server.

Let’s start by verifying the health of the Domain. For this we are going to use NSLOOKUP which is a command line tool for testing and troubleshooting DNS. We all know that DNS is the heart of Active Directory and so that’s the first thing that we will check.

For replication to happen seamlessly between multiple Domain Controllers, name resolution should work fine. Each DC should be able to resolve the _msdcs record for other DC. Open the DNS mmc and look for the _msdcs record.

Once you have the _msdcs record for the DC object, we can use NSLOOKUP to check the name resolution. Open Command Prompt and type:

NSLOOKUP <GUID._msdcs.DnsForestName> replace the GUID string in <> brackets with your actual GUID.

If the NSLOOKUP resolves the correct IP address of the replication partner than DNS is working fine. Do check that the DNS server returned in the NSLOOKUP query is returning the correct records for the replication partner.

Since DNS is working fine now, let’s move on to checking the Replication functions and topology. To verify this, we are going to use REPLMON. This tool is included in the Windows Support Tools kit and offers a GUI based interface to check a low-level status of AD replication, force replication or even monitor the status of replication. You should find REPLMON utility from the Support Tools group under Administrative Tools.

Once the GUI is opened, right-click on the Monitored Servers and click on Add Monitored Server.

This will invoke the Add Monitored Server wizard. Here either you can search the AD for the server that you want to monitor or you can add it explicitly by name. Since I’ve already documented my list of Domain Controllers and their corresponding IP address before I started this exercise, I’ll add the server explicitly by name. Once the server is added, click on Action, navigate to Server and choose Generate Status Report.

When prompted for the location where we should store the log file, choose the folder that you created earlier. In my case, I’m saving this to C:\AD-Health-Logs. Choose all the reporting options on the next screen and click OK.  Once the report has been written to the Log file, you’ll see a message that the Report is complete. You can now navigate to the folder where you saved the log and open it in Notepad, Word, etc. to read the contents. The report basically gives you lot of in-depth in to the replication status and topology. Play with the other options available in the REPLMON tool like Show Domain Controllers in Domain, Show Global Catalog Servers in Enterprise, etc.

My REPLMON log files did not show any problems with replication and so we will now move forward to perform the DC health check. Open Command Prompt once again and type the following command:

DCDIAG /s: <ServerName> /v /c > C:\AD-Health_logs\<servername-DCDIAG-DD-MM-YY.log>

Replace ServerName with the actual DC name and the log path with the actual values. Using the /v switch will provide us a verbose result with extended information while the /c switch will provide us with a comprehensive report by running all tests. If you get any errors you can also use the DCDIAG /fix option here to perform some soft fixes. Run this for all the DC’s in your organization by replacing the ServerName and the log file prefix. You can run this from the same machine and does not require you to log individually to machines that you are checking.

Moving ahead, we will check the network connectivity health using the NETDIAG tool. The NETDIAG tool helps in isolating network connectivity problems by performing a series of tests. Open the Command Prompt once again and type NETDIAG /v > C:\AD-Health_logs\<servername-NETDIAG-DD-MM-YY.log>.

Again replace the appropriate variables with the actual values and wait for the diagnostics to complete. Open the log file once the process has completed and remediate any errors that you get. Note that you may see errors related to WINS in this. If you are not using WINS in your organization these can be safely ignored.

That’s it to the basic checks for monitoring the health of your Active Directory. I’ve not covered NetDom in this series since most of the functionality can be accessed from the Active Directory mmc’s that are available in the Administrative Tools.